Lincoln vs. Davis Essay

Davis versus Lincoln The administration styles of Jefferson Davis and Abraham Lincoln enormously impacted the result of the Civil War. Lincoln’s essential objective was to save the association, and so as to do this, he settled on specific choices that were un-protected. These choices at last reinforced his job as the president as the war advanced. He even expressed in his location that if essential, he would take the necessary steps to win. Jefferson, conversely, exhibited a free decision over the individuals of the confederacy.He was straightforward and adhered to the law without disrupting norms. He permitted the war to be constrained by the military heads who were members in the fight, and he gave his commanders trust and authority. The aftereffect of Daviis’s administration style was an official branch more fragile than Lincoln’s. It is far from being obviously true that as a result of Lincoln’s foolish, un-legal choices, the Union had the option to wi n the war against the South. As indicated by report A, Lincoln had a â€Å"blatant negligence for the Constitution. All through the war, Abraham Lincoln expanded the Army, went through cash without endorsement and made un-defended captures. During his administration he additionally held contradicting political foes in prison without preliminary so he might acquire votes. â€Å"As he conveyed the Gettysburg Address, his soldiers protected the surveys at a state political race in Delaware, guaranteeing a Republican Victory† (Document A). It is intriguing to think how Lincoln is regularly depicted as â€Å"Honest Abe† and â€Å"The Great Emancipator† since he was none of these things.Jefferson Davis was the legit, well behaved president that the vast majority trust Lincoln to be. He was an astute, incredible open speaker known for uprightness. In contrast to Lincoln, Davis turned out to be somewhat less well known on the grounds that he would not evacuate un-effec tive officials. His help of state sway depended on profound conviction. (Archive A) Davis was an ineffectual micromanager. While the fights seethed on, Davis confided in his Generals to lead the war and settle on the choices. Davis then again had a quiet, loosened up administration style and invited the contribution of others.He was known to change procedures and even permitted the officers to change techniques that he had emphatically contradicted. Davis had the option to excuse his rivals and tune in to their interests. He would think about the assessments of others and would overhaul his activities as per data from commanders, his bureau, or the individuals. One of the variables adding to the result of the war because of administration styles was that Lincoln micromanaged his commanders and went about as the position, while Davis permitted the officers opportunity with choices and fight strategies.Lincoln would go to any lengths to seek after his objectives of protecting the Unio n and â€Å"ordered a huge number of capture, kept political adversaries in jail without bringing charges against them, rejected these hapless men right to preliminary by their friends, and disregarded requests from the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court to discharge them†. (Archive A) Lincoln was objective situated and concentrated on his arrangement and was not open to enter from specialists or the individuals. Lincoln’s demonstration of hushing his adversaries prompted dread in general society and at last to Lincoln getting his way.Because of Lincoln’s solid devotion to win the war, his system was considerably more remarkable than Davis’s. Davis ran on an experimentation style of battling, while Lincoln would not acknowledge disappointment. In light of his constancy and record of winning fights, Lincoln had a vital preferred position over the Confederacy. Maybe if Davis had an assumed greater liability and forcefulness toward the Union, the result woul d have been extraordinary. Notwithstanding, due to the totally unique administration styles, the Union accomplished triumph over the Confederate armed force.

Reducing, Reusing and Recycling Fast Food Waste

Lessening, Reusing and Recycling Fast Food Waste Dear EarthTalk: What are the cheap food ties doing to reduce onor at any rate recyclethe tremendous measure of paper, plastic and froth they utilize day by day? Are there any laws or guidelines to compel them to be acceptable natural residents? Hymn Endres, Stroud Township, PA At present there are no government laws or guidelines in the U.S. explicitly planned for getting cheap food chains to diminish, reuse or reuse their waste. Organizations of numerous sorts should consistently comply with neighborhood laws relating to what must be reused versus what can be disposed of. What's more, few urban areas and towns have neighborhood laws explicitly intended to compel organizations to make the best decision, yet they are rare. Willful Fast Food Waste Reduction Makes HeadlinesThere have been a few walks in the inexpensive food business concerning bundling materials and waste decrease, yet it has all been deliberate and typically under tension from green gatherings. McDonald’s stood out as truly newsworthy in 1989 when, at the encouraging of hippies, it exchanged its burger bundling from non-recyclable Styrofoam to recyclable paper wraps and cardboard boxes. The organization likewise supplanted its blanched paper carryout sacks with unbleached sacks and made other green-accommodating bundling progresses. Some Fast Food Chains Offer Vague Policies on Waste ReductionBoth McDonald’s and PepsiCo (proprietor of KFC and Taco Bell) have created inside approaches to address natural concerns. PepsiCo states that it empowers â€Å"conservation of regular assets, reusing, source decrease and contamination control to guarantee cleaner air and water and to lessen landfill wastes,† yet doesn't expound on explicit moves it makes. McDonald’s offers comparative general expressions and cases to be â€Å"actively seeking after the change of utilized cooking oil into biofuels for transportation vehicles, warming, and other purposes,† and seeking after different in-store paper, cardboard, conveyance holder and bed reusing programs in Australia, Sweden, Japan and Britain. In Canada the organization professes to be the â€Å"largest client of reused paper in our industry† for plate, boxes, do packs and drink holders. Cheap Food Recycling Programs Can Reduce Waste and Save MoneySome littler inexpensive food chains have collected awards for their reusing endeavors. Arizona-based eegee’s, for example, earned an Administrator’s Award from the U.S. Ecological Protection Agency for reusing all paper, cardboard and polystyrene over its 21-store chain. Other than the positive consideration it has produced, the company’s reusing exertion likewise sets aside it cash in waste disposal charges each month. A Few Communities Require Fast Food Waste RecyclingDespite such endeavors, however, the cheap food industry is as yet a huge generator of waste. A few networks are reacting by passing nearby guidelines requiring reusing where material. Seattle, Washington, for instance, passed a law in 2005 forbidding organizations (all organizations, not only eateries) from discarding recyclable paper or cardboard, however violators just compensation an ostensible $50 fine. Taiwan Takes a Hard Line on Fast Food WastePerhaps policymakers in the U.S. furthermore, somewhere else could take a lead from Taiwan, which since 2004 has required its 600 drive-thru eateries, including McDonald’s, Burger King and KFC, to keep up offices for appropriate removal of recyclables by clients. Cafes are obliged to store their trash in four separate compartments for extra food, recyclable paper, standard waste and fluids. â€Å"Customers just need to go through under a moment to complete the junk arrangement assignment,† said ecological assurance overseer Hau Lung-receptacle in reporting the program. Cafés that don’t consent face fines of up to $8,700 (U.S.). GOT AN ENVIRONMENTAL QUESTION? Send it to: EarthTalk, c/o E/The Environmental Magazine, P.O. Box 5098, Westport, CT 06881; submit it at: www.emagazine.com/earthtalk/thisweek/, or email: earthtalkemagazine.com. EarthTalk is an ordinary component of E/The Environmental Magazine. Chosen EarthTalk sections are republished on About Environmental Issues by authorization of the editors of E.

How to Get out of a Rut

How to Get out of a Rut Happiness Print How to Get out of a Rut Psychological Strategies to Get Unstuck By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on January 19, 2020 Dan Brownsword / Getty Images More in Self-Improvement Happiness Meditation Stress Management Spirituality Holistic Health Inspiration Brain Health Technology Relationships View All We all go through periods where we feel like we might be stuck in a rut. In fact, its not uncommon to feel like youre just going through the motions, treading water, or jogging in place. Youre doing the same old things, but it doesnt seem like you are actually getting anywhere. Things that used to excite you start to feel less interesting. Instead of moving forward toward your goals, youre remaining stagnant. These feelings can be frustrating. But, there are things that you can do to not only figure out why youre stuck, but also learn how to get motivated and excited again. Recognizing the Signs Youre Stuck in a Rut Being stuck is something you may not even notice at first. These feelings often build slowly over time. Day after day, you might follow your same routines. Eventually, it feels less like you are working toward something and more like youre just killing time. Here are some of the signs that you might be stuck in a rut. Every day seems the same. You might even have trouble remembering what day of the week it is. Is it Monday, or is it Friday? It doesn’t matter because your days feel indistinguishable from one another.You feel like youre just trying to get through another day. Your goal is to keep putting one foot ahead of the other until the day is done. You dont feel excited or inspired.You feel unmotivated. You might want to take on new projects or engage in creative tasks, but it feels like your motivation has run dry. You just cant seem to get started.You feel unfulfilled. Life feels dull and boring. You want to try new things, but you dont know where to begin.You want to change, but fear the temporary discomfort that comes with it. You know that changing things up will make you happier in the long run, but you keep sticking with the status quo because it means you wont have to risk any pain or failure. Sometimes these feelings may be more than just being stuck in a rut. Such feelings may be signs of something more serious, such as persistent depressive disorder (PDD). This mild, but chronic, mood disorder is characterized by symptoms that are less severe than depression but can often be longer-lasting. People often experience these symptoms for years without recognizing that what theyre feeling is actually a form of depression. Low mood, decreased energy, loss of interest, and loss of pleasure are all common symptoms of this condition. If you suspect that you may be experiencing PDD, talk to your doctor about your symptoms. Finding the Source of Your Rut While you might recognize that you are stuck in a rut, you might not know what the next step should be. One thing to remember is that not all ruts are the same. Figure out whats causing your discontentment before you make any drastic changes in your life. For instance, you might feel like you are in a rut with your romantic partner. Or perhaps your job is the source of your feelings. Even your health, your family situation, your friendships, your hobbies, or your home can cause unhappiness. Dont criticize or berate yourself once you understand the root cause of your feelings. Its easy to minimize the problem and try to make your feelings seem trivial. You might think: I have a great life, or I dont have a right to feel this way. But, these thoughts are counterproductive and keep you trapped in the rut. While things may be just fine as they are, if youre not satisfied, its time to make changes and regain your spark. Getting Out of a Rut Once youve acknowledged what youre feeling, start looking for ways to get unstuck. There are a number of ways to break the negative cycle and move forward. Here are a few ideas on how to get out of a rut. Take Care of Yourself When you feel stuck in a rut, combat it by taking care of yourself. Self-compassion is critical to mental wellness. Start with a quick assessment of how well youve been taking care of you. Have you been eating well? Are you sleeping enough? Have you been spending enough time with people who care about and support you? If something is lacking in the self-care department, now is the time to address it. Healthy food, adequate sleep, daily exercise, and social support are all essential to your physical and emotional health. Look for ways to treat yourself a little better. Taking care of yourself ensures you have the energy to stay focused and excited about your life. Change Your Routines Its hard to move forward or branch out if youre following the same routines day after day. People are creatures of habit, and sometimes feeling stuck stems from boredom. Look for ways to add different experiences to your day. Here are some things you might try. Strike up a conversation. Talking to new people is a great way to expand your social connections. Plus, you will learn interesting things about the people around you.Have some fun. Spend some time engaged in an activity you truly love. Whether its hanging out with friends or pursuing a hobby, set aside time during the week and focus your energy on having a good time.Try something new. Whether its taking a new route to work, watching a new show, or signing up for a class, exploring the world around you can add zest to your life.Be spontaneous. If youre bored with your life, live in the moment. Do things that are not pre-planned. Say yes to new experiences; and dont be afraid to do the unexpected. Try Heading Outdoors Researchers have discovered that being in nature has a positive impact on the brain. For example, one study found that taking a walk outside reduced self-referential rumination, a behavior that can increase the risk of depression. Another study found that nature walks were associated with decreased depression, lowered stress, and increased mental well-being. Not only can being outside increase your mental wellness, studies have shown that it enhances creativity as well. The next time youre feeling bogged down, try going for a walk. Let go of the thoughts circling around in your brain. Pay attention to the world around you. Allow yourself to relax, think of new things, and enjoy the beauty you see. If nothing else, its a great way to get some exercise. You will return to your everyday life with a renewed sense of wonder. Find Your Purpose Its easy to fall into a rut when it feels like youre not really working toward anything. Having things to look forward to and a sense of purpose are key ingredients for motivation. For instance, life goals related to your career or your relationships can provide a sense of purpose. Even small things, like having plans for Friday night, can lift your spirits. In fact, researchers have discovered that having something to look forward to helps people cope with troubles in the here and now. Psychologists have long recognized the importance of delayed gratification. By holding out for larger rewards in the future, people build better self-control and stronger willpower. In one study, chronic gamblers were asked to think about upcoming events like a future vacation. By doing so, they were able to curb their impulse to gamble. Thinking about the future allowed them to focus on their long-term goals rather than giving in to the desire for immediate gratification. Here are some ways to give yourself something to look forward to. Make plans. There is a great deal of power in anticipation. Sometimes you might look forward to existing events, such as the release of a movie or your favorite holiday. But you also can create these moments intentionally. Plan a vacation, even if its just taking a day trip to a local spot. Call or text friends and make plans for Friday night. Give yourself things to look forward to and get excited about.Dont overlook the little things. Even small daily and weekly rewards such as being able to go to your favorite place for lunch or tuning into your favorite TV show once a week are great ways to build a sense of anticipation for the future.Volunteer to serve others. Having a sense of purpose also comes from helping others. Look for ways to contribute in your community. Or, focus on helping your friends or loved ones with a project. Participate in your church. Volunteer with a local organization. Or, even engage in political activism. Such activities give you a sense of greater purpose and meaning. Boost Your Motivation Sometimes getting out of a rut happens spontaneously. For example, you might feel stuck in a rut one day and then something suddenly clicks into place and the feelings vanish. In other cases, you might need to take a more active approach. One way to do that is to focus on your motivation. Here are some ways to get motivated, even when you dont feel particularly interested or excited about what you are doing. Take small steps. Pick something that you think you might like to pursue, such as a new hobby or workout program. Start small with something you know you can accomplish, yet is just outside of your current skill level. Dont wait for motivation or inspiration to strike. Just get going. Force yourself to get through the first step. Once you have mastered it, pick another small step and master it. Eventually, going through the motions will be a thing of the past and you will feel involved, excited, and interested in learning more.Reward yourself. Positive reinforcement is helpful when youre struggling to get motivated. Promise yourself a reward for starting the task. Then, continue to reward yourself after completing each step. Eventually, pull back on the rewards, but promise yourself a larger reward once you have reached your goals. Rewards can get you started and help generate greater interest in what you are working on. Squash Perfectionism If you struggle with perfectionism, this can keep you stuck in the same place. No matter how hard you try, it seems like whatever youre working on is never good enough. But, you need to squash your tendencies toward perfectionism right away and recognize that done is better than perfect. In other words, rather than trying to make a project perfect, be satisfied with the fact that you completed it. If left unchecked, perfectionism can keep you spinning your wheels for a very long time. Instead, focus on completing projects and moving forward rather than striving for perfection. Let yourself make mistakes. Embrace the fact that you have given your best effort and move on. In time, you will be much more productive and creative when youre no longer tethered to perfectionism. A Word From Verywell Feeling stuck in a rut can be frustrating. But with a little effort, you can add a sense of novelty, adventure, and excitement back into your life. If youre feeling overwhelmed by that thought, you might be experiencing something more serious. Loss of interest in things you enjoyed, difficulty feeling happy emotions, and a sense of hopelessness are symptoms of depression. If what youre feeling is more than just being stuck in a rut, talk to your doctor right away.

Discuss How Yolen’s Perspective on Personal Discovery Is...

Discuss how Yolen’s perspective on personal discovery is conveyed in Briar Rose. Jane Yolen conveys the idea about personal discovery by taking the reader on journey with the characters. This journey helps the characters find out who they are and where they belong. It is not easy trying to understand oneself. Throughout the novel the readers see the characters form strong relationships with one another, and stick together through the hard and good times. This helps the characters find out who they really are. Every character has their own dark past which they to keep hidden. But in the novel Yolen shows the readers it is always better to come out of the wardrobe then to stay hidden and not be found. Becca’s editor Stan says, â€Å"I†¦show more content†¦The 175ers. This is symbolic because it is humiliating for people to categories people into different groups because of their sexuality, religion and gender. He escapes the concentration camp and meets a man named Avenger who finds an unconscious woman in a pile of dead bodies. Avenger and Josef take turns giving her CPR (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation). â€Å" Avenger using the medical school method lifting her arms up and down and when he was tired, Josef breathing into her mouth. And it was into Josef’s mouth that she, at last sputtered and coughed.† The use of the metaphor shows that Josef is seen as a vey heroic man. As the women lived on, the gang gave Gemma a name: Ksiezniczka, which means princess in polish. Josef and Gemma had a platonic love relationship with each other. â€Å"Somehow, by breathing life into the girl, by naming her, he had become a person of consequence, had all unwitting become their leader†. Josef doesn’t know who he is, but after the experience of saving Gemma’s life, he finds his identity. Josef knew a lot about human suffering, individuals will sacrifice themselves for a cause- put the greater good before their own safety. But most are reluctant heroes- the Jews had to decide between self-preservation and doing something to help. â€Å"If necessary we will kill them with our bare hands†. He said in his growl of a voice but Josef noted with some detachment that he not offer to give up is own gun. The use of dialogue

Ray Bradburyrs Fahrenheit 451 and Censorship - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2698 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/05/29 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Censorship Essay Fahrenheit 451 Essay Ray Bradbury Essay Did you like this example? In Ray Bradburyrs Fahrenheit 451, people live in a society full of censorship. It is about a future where all books are burned because the people decided that knowledge brings pain. In the first hard cover edition, Neil Gaiman wrote the Introduction (April 2013) for Fahrenheit 451 (xi). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ray Bradburyrs Fahrenheit 451 and Censorship" essay for you Create order He stated the following: This is a book of warning. It is a reminder that what we have is valuable, and that sometimes we take what we value for granted. Censorship is a tool used today by governments across the world to control and stop those who say or write anything that challenges the governmentrs assumptions. Freedom of speech allows people to be heard, no matter how the majority objects, the capacity to express themselves without fear of punishment. In the United States the Founding Fathers felt so strongly about this issue that they made freedom of speech the first of the Amendments to the Constitution. In Ray Bradburyrs Fahrenheit 451 and in the world today, censorship works on the perception that some ideas are dangerous and must be stopped; however, the ideal is to have the decision left to the individual and not the government. To begin there are different ways to ban books. Most governments have a review process that controls what books people read or what online content they access. In an article written in Censorship.Laws.com, censorship in America is defined as the act of altering, adjusting, editing, or banning of any or all media resulting from the presumption that its content is perceived to be objectionable, incendiary, illicit, or immoral by the Federal Government of the United States. Censorship is seen in various areas of life like politics, the internet, media, the news, and religion to name a few. The freedom to read is necessary to the way of life in free countries yet today that freedom is under attack. Private groups and public authorities throughout the world are working to remove certain books from public schools and silence magazines and newspapers when the government feels the information is not in support of the governmentrs ideology. Exclusion of reading materials prevents people with inquiring minds from seeking the truth, stretching their mental stimulation, and becoming critical thinkers. In ThoughtCo.com, an article was written on August 4, 2018 about how schools can ban books without lengthy procedures by choosing not to order the books in the first place. The article stated that because of witchcraft themes one elementary school in Florida will not stock two of the Harry Potter books by J.K. Rowling. In the article, the Principal explained they did not buy these books because they expected complaints if the children read these books. The article cites that Mark Twainrs Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is fourth on the list of 50 books banned in the United States because of the use of the use of a racial slur (N-word). The other 49 books banned in the United States are posted in The New York Times. Academic freedom in the United States is enjoyed to some degree of protection under the First Amendment, which is an essential element of a democratic s ociety. For example, in 1957 in Sweezy v. New Hampshire, the Court declared: The essentiality of freedom in the community of American universities is almost self-evident. No one should underestimate the vital role in a democracy that is played by those who guide and train our youth. To impose any strait jacket upon the intellectual leaders in our colleges and universities would imperil the future of our Nation. Teachers and students must always remain free to inquire, to study and to evaluate, to gain new maturity and understanding; otherwise, our civilization will stagnate and die. In an article written in the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE) in June 2016, it stated that colleges and universities needed to be protected by the First Amendment to allow teachers the academic freedom to address their students questions, the study of materials and sources, and teaching. It further stated that there needed to be engaged discussions between teachers and students without the government discouraging or stopping them. In another article written by The New York Times on October 1, 2018 it was reported that since 2014 the government of Kuwait has banned over 4,000 books which included books that had once been considered untouchable. The article stated that citizens were displeased and organized demonstrations in response to the governmentrs action. It appears in Kuwait that no book is safe from being banned by the government. Recent books targeted for censorship in Kuwait include an encyclopedia with a picture of Michelangelors David and a Disney version of The Little Mermaid. According to the article the books were banned because David had no fig leaf, and the mermaid, wore half a bikini. This was considered promiscuous. In an article written by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) on September 24, 2018 it was reported that China shut down thousands of websites and online accounts due to content that was considered harmful for the people because the online material was spreading improper values, vulgarity or obscenity. In Bradburyrs Fahrenheit 451 (79), Faber explained to Montag that books like the Bible were important because they had quality, texture, pores and features. Faber further explained that the more pores a book has, the more truthfully recorded details of life can get on paper and that makes people become literary and tells Monta g that is the reason why books are hated and feared. Thomas Jefferson was quoted as saying Censorship represents a tyranny over the mind and is harmful wherever it occurs. Next, some governments try to drive peoplers thoughts and beliefs and prevent free press. In an article written in The Huffington Post on April 25, 2017, North Korea is one of the most heavily censored countries in the world. North Korears leader, Kim Jong Un has complete control in of the information that is communicated to the public. The media in this country is owned solely by the government and the official Central Korean News Agency conveys the opinions of the government. In the U.S. Department of Staters website, it notes there are no independent media in North Korea and no deviation from the official government line is tolerated. The government does not allow any editorial freedom and all stories are centrally directed and reviewed to ensure that they are in line with the governmentrs ideology. The government also controls its citizens academic and cultural content and does do not allow them to listen to foreign media broadcasts. The government takes steps to block rad io broadcasts outside of North Korea and modifies television and radio equipment to prevent users from accessing foreign material and other material deemed illegal by the government. Individuals accused of viewing foreign films are reportedly subject to imprisonment or even execution. The North Korean government imposes harsh punishments for anyone accused of accessing uncensored information or sharing news from countries that it considers its enemies. This is because the North Korean government wants its citizens to be blind and does not want its citizens to be offered alternative knowledge to the narrative the government has given them. In a CNN article dated December 29, 2016 it reported that news rarely leaks from North Koreas authoritarian state; however, stories of Kims brutal executions have sometimes filtered out over the past five years. It was cited that Kim Jong Un came to power in 2011 and since then he has ordered 340 people be executed to tighten his hold on power. In Bradburyrs Fahrenheit 451 (80), Faber tells Montag that the television is real, and it tells people what to think, with messages rushing in quickly with their conclusions that people do not have time to protest. North Korea is strictly controlled by the state to the point where citizens are unable or nearly unable to get their hands on books or other forms of art produced outside the country. This is because the North Korean government does not want its citizens to be offered alternative knowledge to the account the government has given them. In Bradburyrs Fahrenheit 451 (102), Captain Beatty quotes Alexander Pope: A little learning is a dangerous thing. Drink deep or taste not the Pierian spring; There shallow draughts intoxicate the brain and drinking largely sobers us again. The government in Fahrenheit 451 does not want people asking questions because then the people will have knowledge and become unhappy. Instead they want people who are happy and are not deep thinkers. That is why the government wanted to destroy books to prevent further knowledge and, therefore, questions. The government does not want one person to have more knowledge than the next person. Beatty also told Montag (55): We must all be alike. Not everyone born free and equal, as the Constitution says, but everyone made equal. Each man the image of every other, then all are happy for there are no mountains to make them cower, to judge themselves against. In other words, when people begin to learn, it makes them thirsty for more information and they become more aware in the process. Lastly, Thomas Jefferson was quoted as saying Our liberty depends on the freedom of press, and that cannot be limited without being lost. Most recently a journalist for the Washington Post was murdered for speaking out against the Saudi government and a CNN journalistrs White House press pass was taken from him because he asked questions that the President of the United States deemed inappropriate. Protect Democracy and the Yale Law School Media Freedom of Information and Access Clinic are representing PEN America, a leading organization of writers and literary professionals, in a lawsuit against President Trump for violating the First Amendment rights of journalists by using government powers to punish the speech of his media critics. PEN alleges that President Trump has used, or threatened to use, the regulatory and enforcement powers of government to punish the speech of journalists in at least four ways: initiating a government review to raise postal rates; directing DOJ enfo rcement actions; interfering with White House press access; and threatening to revoke broadcast licenses. In Bradburyrs Fahrenheit 451 (58), Captain Beatty tells Montag: If you dont want a man unhappy politically, dont give him two sides to a question to worry him; give him one. Better yet, give him none. Let him forget there is such a thing as war. He further says: Cram them full of non-combustible data, chock them so damned full of ?facts they feel stuffed, but absolutely ?brilliant with information. Beatty told Montag (59) to remember that they stood against the small tide of those who want to make everyone unhappy with conflicting theory and thought. Ray Bradbury wrote Fahrenheit 451 during the McCarthy era, during which thousands of Americans were investigated for having Communist sympathies. Like the story line in Fahrenheit 451, neighbors and coworkers were encouraged to report on each other, and nothing more than a suspicion was often enough to begin an investigation. People were encouraged to testify against one another and the accused experienced loss of work, career loss and some even killed themselves. Bradbury vehemently denied that he was satirically commenting on McCarthy or government censorship. Instead, Bradbury insisted the book was written at the beginning of the television age and was a tale to warn society of how they could well reach to television as a sort of drug. Fahrenheit 451, Bradbury said, was a depiction of a society willfully dumbing itself down by staring at screens, stuffing its collective consciousness with useless factoids, empty ideas and throwaway reality. Bradburyrs thoughts were several d ecades before todayrs reality TV and celebrity driven media. Bradbury wrote about a future where technology drove people to block themselves from the world around them, disconnected from each other, and no longer valued books. Today you cannot go anywhere without observing people engrossed on their iPhones and not interacting with others or texting a person who is sitting across from or next to them. It is troubling that today there are television commercials having to remind parents to engage with their children by reading, talking and singing to them from a very early age to better prepare their kids for school instead of being engrossed on their phones or other media. Fahrenheit 451 argues in favor of literature and critical thinking and against censorship and blind conformity. In Fahrenheit 451 (168), it was noted that from a young age Bradbury was affected by accounts of the burning of the ancient library at Alexandria and the loss of many classical works that we now know only by title or through fragments of surviving parchment. Based on todayrs society Fahrenheit 451 Bradburyrs prediction of a world without actual books is not too far off. Government budget cuts have also resulted in less support for public libraries and online books now replace actual books you can touch. Bradbury experienced opposition since Fahrenheit 451 was published in 1953 so it is funny that a book about banned books experienced censorship. In the ThoughtCo.com article written on August 4, 2018 it talked about one of Bradburyrs plays that was sent to a university to be produced. The university had a concern that there were no female characters in the play. The u niversity did not state any issues with the content of the play or the fact that there was a reason it featured only men. The play was not produced and was in effect censored because it did not want to offend a certain group at the school: women. In closing, censorship has been around for a long time and was a thought that preceded the United States Constitution; hence, the First Amendment. Censorship silences peoplers opinions, ideas and forces moral and ethical values on society. Some people believe censorship is a violation of their First Amendment right and others believe censorship is needed to protect peoplers well-being in a world filled with violent and abusive behavior. All media needs to have checks and balances to ensure the information being published is accurate so that people, and not the government, can choose to be exposed to the appropriate awareness of society, and the world in general, as it really exists and not like the dystopian world of Fahrenheit 451. Works Cited Bradbury, Ray. Fahrenheit 451. New York: Simon Schuster, 1951, pp. xi, 55, 58, 59, 79, 80, 102, 168. Print. Bradbury Still Believes in the Heat of Fahrenheit 451. Seattle Times, March 12, 1993. https://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19930312slug=1689996 Chervokas, Jason and Watson, Tom. 50 Most Frequently Banned Books. New York Times, August 22, 1997. https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/cyber/nation/082297nation-list.html China shuts down 4,000 websites in purge on improper values. British Broadcasting Corporation, 24 September 2018. https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-45625278 Jerreat, Jessica. North Korean Censorship. Huffington Post, 04-25-2017. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/north-korean-censorship_us_58fe78afe4b086ce58981445 Kelly, Melissa. Censorship and Book Banning in America. ThoughtCo, Aug. 4, 2018, https://www.thoughtco.com/censorship-and-book-banning-in-america-6414 Kwon, K. J., and Ben Westcott. Jong Un has Executed Over 300 People Since Coming to Power. CNN, December 29, 2016. https://www.cnn.com/2016/12/29/asia/kim-jong-un-executions/index.html Lankov, Andrei. North Korean Censorship Blinds Not Just the People, But Also Their Rulers. Radio Free Asia, 2016-03-14 https://www.rfa.org/english/commentaries/censorship-03142016145646.html Miller, Vanessa. 59 Years of Commemorating Academic Freedom: The Legacy of ?Sweezy v. New Hampshire. Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE), June 17, 2016. https://www.thefire.org/59-years-of-commemorating-academic-freedom-the-legacy-of-sweezy-v-new-hampshire/ Nordland, Rod. From Orwell to ?Little Mermaid, Kuwait Steps Up Book Banning. New York Times, October 1, 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/01/world/middleeast/kuwait-ban-books.html PEN America Sues President Trump for Violating Journalists First Amendment Rights. National Coalition Against Censorship. October 16, 2018. https://ncac.org/news/pen-america-sues-president-trump-for-violating-journalists-first-amendment-rights Review of Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury. Rhapsody in Books, May 20, 2009. https://rhapsodyinbooks.wordpress.com/2009/05/20/review-of-%E2%80%9Cfahrenheit-451%E2%80%9D-by-ray-bradbury/ Report on Human Rights Abuses or Censorship in North Korea. US Department of State, July 6, 2016. https://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/259366.htm Thomas Jefferson Quotes on Censorship. AZ Quotes. https://www.azquotes.com/author/7392-Thomas_Jefferson/tag/censorship United States Supreme Court Sweezy v. New Hampshire, Decided June 17, 1957. Case Law.Find Law. https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/354/234.html Weller, Sam. Did Ray Bradbury do a 180 on ?Fahrenheit 451? Dallas News, April 12, 2013. https://www.dallasnews.com/arts/books/2018/11/08/20130412-sam-weller-ray-bradburys-180-on-fahrenheit-451 What you Didnt Know About Censorship in America. Censorsip.Laws.com. https://censorship.laws.com/censorship-in-america

Obtaining Mental Health Services Free Essays

Being a probation officer is not easy.   It requires a lot of knowledge, skills, and experience to be an effective probation officer.   Having a golden heart is fine – believing that these offenders can change their lifestyle, supporting them in their intention to function in the community, and making sure that the people within the community where these offenders are staying would be safe from any danger. We will write a custom essay sample on Obtaining Mental Health Services or any similar topic only for you Order Now    However, objectivity should always come first since many lives are dependent on the probation officer’s ability to supervise and monitor these offenders’ performance. A probation officer also uses his resources in the community to assist his client, the offender in seeking employment or services such as medical care, alcohol treatment, mental health treatment, and the like.   The probation officer explains all the terms to the offender’s temporary release and the consequences for violating them under probation.   Everything is made clear. In the case of this 22-year-old man who have been convicted four times in two years straight for driving while under the influence of alcohol, thorough investigation should be done.   This man may be telling his substance abuse counselor that he is clean.   He may be present in all his counseling appointments.   Nevertheless, these claims do not prove that he has stopped alcohol consumption.   Furthermore, having eccentric ideas and opinions – this man telling you that his neighbors are monitoring his breathing through the television – proves that there is something terribly wrong about this person.   So, what do I plan to do about the matter? First, researching and investigating about this man’s personal history , such as his family to start with, would be a good start.   Knowledge about his childhood, his relationship with his co-family members, and his plight during his growing-up years are vital information in knowing how and why he acquired such behavior, vices, and even beliefs that he still carry on up to this day. A background check of his life three to five years prior the present date could also come in handy.   Past relationships usually contribute to a person’s perspective and sanity.   Another background check would be his scholastic and interpersonal performance in school given that he went into one.   Based from his interaction with these people, I might find clues to some grounds as to why and how this person came to be the way he is. Second, talking with this man would give me hints and clues about the way he thinks, the way he answers questions – may it be rational, practical or not, and the way he views the world.   Upon acquiring his personal background, a brief interview about his family and previous relations with others would somehow prove if this man is reliable or not.   This would be necessary because inconsistencies on his statements would prove irregularity of his character, therefore making him a threat, somehow, to the community. Third, I would discuss with his substance abuse counselor all my findings so we could come up with proper procedures needed to prove his mental capability or incapability.   I would suggest that the substance abuse officer gives my client some intellectual tests because my client is showing signs of a paranoid schizophrenic or of a person just having paranoid reactions that may be due to depression or trauma Fourth, I would require my client to undergo not only the psychological tests that his substance abuse counselor would give him but also a series of physical exams for instance urinalysis, blood tests, and the like to see if he really is clean or if he went back to alcohol or worse took other substances and mixed it with alcohol altering the effects of the alcohol-intake alone. Fifth, I would reiterate to my client the sanctions that he might be subjected to if his tests prove that he is positive of alcohol and/or substance intake.   Such are necessary actions for me to accurately and objectively assess him and propose certain measures. References Civil Service Associations, Inc. (August 2000). Examination Preparation Booklet.. Principles and Practices in the Treatment of the mentally Ill/Emotionally Disturbed, Problems of the Mentally Ill/Emotionally disturbed, booklet #10. pp. 4-5. Retrieved October 10, 2007, from http://www.csea9200.com/pdfs/TestPrepBks/TreatMIllBook10.pdf Court and Community.   (January 2003). Probation Officers. p2, numbers 4 – 6 . Retrieved October 10, 2007, from How to cite Obtaining Mental Health Services, Essay examples

Multicultural Critical Reflective Practice & Contemporary Free Sample

Question: Describe about the Art description/ analysis of all visual elements and design principles of the provided art? Answer: Art analysis/ Description Mickalene Thomas is an eminent artist who is very much well known for cultural practice in the field of art and creation. She is an African-American artist born in 1971. Her focus of creation is mostly linked to the female gender and sexual identity issues of 1970. Her art of work is mediated by portray of rhinestones, acrylic and enamel. In 1970, female gender is always condemned by the male population. Sexual insanity is the colloquial difficulties and malpractices of the society residing at 1970. Her arts and creation always reflects the thoughts regarding the feminity, beauty and gender and sexual identity issues (Arikoglu, 2014). Every creation of the artist is allocating the feminist activity and practices in beauty concern. The beauty and sexual practices in the society is a very lucrative issue of concern to the male population. The movies of 1970 basically narrate the gender of insanity concern in the society. Her collages are very much focused to visualize the certain references, proximities and beliefs which are closely linked to the gender and sexuality issues in the era of 1970. But the art particularly concerned about the vicinity of African-American social values. The position, sexual and beauty practice is the target area of her creations (Crum and Hendrick, 2014). Concerning the design and aesthetics issue, this particular collage is showing a great ethical supportive statement observed from the audiences. But this creative art is lacking the multiple visibility issues of the society. It is only showing the black feminity issues. The style of art is very lucid and attractive and the design aspect is well established and achieving a sore success but the work is very much stereotypical and not allocating multiple cultural ethnicity and vicinity (Frank, 2014). This particular collage is threatened to the critics as well as the audiences regarding the extremely composite thought along with black female gender and sexuality stereotypes. The collage is less attentive to illustrate the multiple shapes of gender and identity issues in culture and society. Sexuality and beauty practice is the inert framework of the sculpture. This creative and ethnic art is romanticizing the black sexuality of African-American women. So, the kind of visibility which is emerged from this art failed to envisage the overall ideas about the feminist characteristics. Her work always narrates the black beauty concepts. She is taking initiates to enlighten the dignity and importance of black women in the society concerning the beauty and sexuality issues in the society by the medium of creative arts mainly in the forms of collage. Black female visibility in the light of the sexuality is the prime attention of the collage. It is not showing other multiple visibilities of different ethnic cultural groups (Russeth, 2014). The visual richness of the art attests to the way of decoration and delighting brightness. The input of burning colors adds an extra visual ethnicity in the creative art. The 1970s blaxploitation extravagance is the outline of the work. The generation of art is extremely overwhelming for understanding the black feminity in cultural aspects. References Arikoglu, L. (2014). Mickalene Thomas Brings Collage and Glitz to Lehmann Maupin.The New York Observer. Crum, M., Hendrick, K. (2014). Multicultural Critical Reflective Practice and Contemporary Art.Multiculturalism in Art Museums Today, 271. Frank, P. (2014). Mickalene Thomas Delivers the Most Stylish Philosophy Lesson of All Time.The Huffington Post. June. Russeth, A. (2014). Mickalene Thomas Delves Deeper into Collage, Cubism.The New York Observer.

Wuthering Heights (884 words) Essay Example For Students

Wuthering Heights (884 words) Essay Wuthering HeightsWhen Wuthering Heights was published it was blasted its contemporaries asobscene. They railed that Catherine and Heathcliff were the most immoral and ingeneral worst people they had ever had the misfortune of reading about. AlthoughWuthering Heights has taken its rightful place as masterwork of 19th centuryliterature and Emily Bront? has receive credit for her work, it is stillpossible to see where the early attacks are based. Heathcliff especially behavesin a very obtuse manner. The basis for this behavior is Heathcliffs bizarrelove/hate relationship with Catherine. His frustrated desire to be with hercauses him deep personal pain, which he transfers to other characters in asadistic attempt to force them to feel that pain as well. Heathcliff andCatherines relationship is neither stable nor in any way normal. Instead it isfull of violent emotions which are either soaring high or dashingly low, withvery little between the two. Catherine declares that she and Heathclif fWhatever souls are made of, his and mine are the same(73). We will write a custom essay on Wuthering Heights (884 words) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Heathcliff desires nothing more than to be with Catherine, but theirrelationship is undermined by the revelation that Catherine feels that itwould degrade me to marry Heathcliff . . .(73). Heathcliff was unsuitableto Catherine because he is poor with no family. However, Edgar Linton has bothand for those shallow reasons Catherine marries Edgar betraying Heathcliffsfeelings for her and her own feeling as well. Catherine had hoped to marry Edgarbut also to keep on loving Heathcliff as well, to have her cake and eat ittoo. The violence, hatred, love, and passion of Catherine andHeathcliffs relationship is encapsulated in their conversation onCatherines deathbed: He could hardly bear, for downright agony, tolook into her face. . . . She was fated, sure to die. ?Oh, Cathy! Oh, my life!How can I bear it?' . . . . . . . . . . . . ?I shall not pity you, not I. You have killed me? and thriven onit, I think. . . How may years do you mean to live on after I am gone? . . . .. . . . . . . . I shouldnt care what you suffered. I care nothing for yoursufferings. Why shouldnt you suffer? I do! . . . . . . . . . . . . ?You know you lie to say I have killed you: . . . I could as soonforget you as my own existence! Is it not sufficient for your infernalselfishness, that while you are at peace I shall writhe in the torments of hell?. . . . . . . . . . . . How cruel youve been?cruel and false. . . . . . .. . . . . . I have not broken your heart?you have broken it; and in breaking ithave broken mine. . . . What kind of living will it be when ? oh, God! Wouldyou like to live with your soul in the grave?'(147-48) Love and hate are soclosely entwined that they are both expressed in a single sentence. No one willcall that exchange ?normal but it contains the essence of theirrelationship. Despite the barbs of blame for the situation being thrown there isno doubt that Catherines death pains Heathcliff to the very soul. Heathcliffbecomes determined to share the pain caused by Catherines betrayal and herdeath. The victims of his deranged vengeance are Isabella Linton, Edgar Linton,Linton Heathcliff, and Catherine Linton II. The more the worms writhe, themore I yearn to crush out their entails!(140). Clearly a sadistic attitudeand one that makes it absolutely clear that Heathcliffs marriage to Isabella isa revenge on both Catherine and Edgar. The marriage of Heathcliff to hersister-in-law is emo tionally damaging to an already frail Catherine. Edgar, whodespises Heathcliff throughout the novel, is shock and very nearly disowns hissister for marrying a ruffian like Heathcliff. So Heathcliff gets vengeance onEdgar as well. Poor Isabella is caught with a man who does not, in fact never,loved her. She writes Nelly, . There is another motivation for themarriage: money. Though his marriage with Isabella Heathcliff has placed himselfin line for not just money, but Edgar Lintons money. With Catherine andIsabellas deaths and the birth of Catherine II and Linton Heathcliff,Heathcliff continues his manipulations into another generation. The forcedmarriage between first cousins Catherine II and Linton, with all is aaccompanying duplicity, is a the final act of revenge. The subsequent deaths ofEdgar Linton and Linton Heathcliff leave Wuthering Heights and the Grange inHeathcliffs possession. The vengeance is complete: Heathcliff has everythingdear to Edgar, his property and his daughter ; the younger Catherine, because hecould not control her mother and he may feels that shre should have been his andCatherines daughter; and Hinleys son is turning out to be another Heathcliff. .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764 , .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764 .postImageUrl , .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764 , .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764:hover , .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764:visited , .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764:active { border:0!important; } .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764:active , .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764 .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: moralhf Laws vs. Morals in Mark Twain's The Advent EssayComplete victory for Heathcliff, but then a strange thing happens: Heathcliffstarts to mellow. He seems to realize that however complete his vengeance itgets him no closer to Catherine, her shade still wonders the moors. Heathcliffprofesses to Nelly, she has disturbed me, night and day, through eighteenyears (264). It is when Heathcliff prepares to spent eternity withCatherine that he final finds peace, with her and himself. Catherines coffin,buried for eighteen years, is dug up and a panel removed so Heathcliffsremains can mingle with hers. With Heathcliffs death there is at lastpeace at Wuthering Heights. He and Cat herine are together for all time. Theproperty, both Wuthering Height and the Grange have been returned to theirrightful owners Hareton Earshaw and Catherine II. Heathcliff had schemed toleave her destitute, but she will end up with both properties after her marriageto Hareton. A full circle has been completed and everything is as it should be,finally.

Electrolysis essays

Electrolysis essays The investigation I am conducting is to find out how much copper is attracted to the cathode from passing electricity through copper sulphate solution through an experiment called Electrolysis. When the power pack is turned on electrons pass through the circuit and through the electrodes at the cathode, because the copper sulphate solution becomes ionized; that is, their molecules become dissociated into positively and negatively charged components, which have the property of conducting an electric current, the positively ions in the solution move toward the negative electrode and the negative ions towards the positive. When reaching the electrodes, the ions may gain or lose electrons turning them into neutral atoms or molecules. The positive copper ions and Hydrogen ions will be attracted toward the negative electrode (cathode), the copper ions discharge to form metallic copper whereas the Hydrogen ions will stay in the solution as the copper ions release their electrons more readil y than the Hydrogen ions. The Sulphate and Hydroxyl ions are attracted to the positive electrode (anode) but as the Hydroxyl ions release their electrons more readily than the Sulphate ions the Hydroxyl will get there first. The half-equations for the electrolysing of copper sulphate solution between two carbon electrodes are: - At the anode (+): 4OH (aq) 2H20(l) + 02(g) + 4e At the cathode (-): CU (aq) + 2e CU(s) In class prior to this experiment we have been studying Electrolysis on Copper Chloride solution, the results showed that the higher the voltage applied to the circuit the more copper had formed at the cathode. In the investigation we are looking at the cathode for our results, the Copper Chloride solution will have the same outcome as the Copper sulphate solution because the copper will always form on the cathode ahead of Hydrogen in both cases. In the investigation on Electrolysis I aim to find out if increasing the amoun...

Final exam essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Final exam - Essay Example The linkage between these rights is necessary because they provide indispensable support to already justified civil rights, and without these other rights civil rights cannot be fully enjoyed. It is, therefore, imperative that the full realization of civil rights without economic, political, and social rights is impossible and as such these rights are significant in the realization of civil rights. In this context, political rights are rights which include freedom of expression, the right to take part in the government, the right to vote and freedom of association and assembly. Economic rights, on the other hand, are those rights which an individual freely accepts or chooses and include the right to work, right to property, the right to join a trade union, fair wages. Social rights are those rights which are essential for a satisfactory standard of living, and these rights include the rights to shelter, health, social care, food, and education (Abadinsky, 78). These types of civil rights were treated differently by the US legal system during the struggle over civil rights as they are currently treated. During the struggle over civil rights, the emphasis on civil rights was on liberty and political participation. This leaning meant that the rights were political in nature and served to protect the citizens from the excess of the state. Consequently, when political rights were achieved the system shifted to encompass equality which is mostly economic and social rights. The recognition of these rights in the United States legal system shifted progressively from the most fundamental rights to the less basic ones after the achievement of the former. The reason these rights were treated differently in the US legal system is because their realization was progressive. Civil rights were not realized at the same time, and the circumstances requiring the adoption of these rights were also different. Some rights were

Human Organ Supply and Its Relation to the Social Stratification Research Paper

Human Organ Supply and Its Relation to the Social Stratification Theory - Research Paper Example Those who benefit are the rich who can afford to pay for the surgery and the cost of human organs. On the other hand, although some transplants were out of the donation coming from willing donors or were as a result of accidents which allow for the recovery of human organs from an accident victim to be transferred, there have been reports wherein the poor became the victims of this â€Å"transaction†. This is linked to the Social Stratification Theory. Those who have little in life become the victims, while those who are in the upper class or society look towards the poor for their source of human organs. How Sociologists Have Recognized Social Stratification People are identified, classified, perceived, and understood in a way that society has given corresponding positions for individuals, races, organizations or communities. The moment a person’s status in society is known, he or she is treated with actions or reactions that are known to be fit for the person. Accordi ng to Davis and Moore; Novick and Cullen Social stratification is a set of verifiable, interrelated thoughts, understanding, and behaviour among people whereby members of society consider positions or status and identify themselves in one of those categories. Davis and Moore were described by Novick, S. and Cullen, J. (1979, p. 1424) to have considered the differences as necessary for critical reasons. They proposed that inequality characterizes the groups or class wherein each person belongs or identifies him to be a part of. Furthermore, they believe that the maintenance of functions and positions is necessary in order to have stability. From the point of view of Davis, Kingsley and Moore, Wilbert (1970) difficult jobs must necessarily receive higher incentives in terms of higher compensation. The inequality is based on the fact that every individual has a different set of talents. Some talents are more valuable other talents, just as some functions have greater value in society t han the other functions. Because of scarcity and difference in value of some talents, rewards or compensation to acquire the people with valuable talents are greater while other talents are offered smaller rewards. According to Joseph Turek The book edited by Joseph Turek was entitled â€Å"Income Inequality and Social Stratification†. It gathered insights from various sectors (socio-economic, political, sociology, and philosophy) to clarify the variety of human differences which result in social stratification. As a result of differences in a person’s status in society, there is also a disparity in the income or compensation which leads to the formation of rich and poor. According to Wendy Bottero The book entitled â€Å"Stratification: Social Division & Inequality† is about â€Å"Who gets what.† It also describes the fact that the present time inequality gives some people better choices in life. â€Å"Money, power, or influence give those who possess t hem greater control over the external forces which affect us all, and open doors which might otherwise be closed.† (Bottero 2005, p. 3). The Demand & Critical Importance of Human Organ Donation A. Gap Between Supply and Demand The Economist (2008) reported that 7,000 Americans died due to absence of organs needed by patients. Out of 10 people who needed a kidney transplant, only one found a replacement kidney. There was a projected growth in the number of people who have to undergo dialysis and replacement of kidneys. 500,000 Americans in 2010 needed the transplant. In the UK, Nadey Hakim, an Ex-President of the International College of Surgeons, believed there was no other option for organ transplants because without it, the patient will die early although they can live longer if a replacement is made available for transplant. Kidneys are the most in

Challenges to TESCOs Expansion into Malaysia

Challenges to TESCOs Expansion into Malaysia Executive Summary For any company to enter into the international market for the first time, a proper research and analysis regarding the challenges and current marketing conditions prevailing in the targeted country must be undertaken. The project has been undertaken to analyse, understand and highlight the major challenges that TESCO can face while entering into Malaysia for the first time. The report focuses on the Political and Legal, Economical, Socio cultural Technological and environmental challenges that may create a difficulties for TESCO to start its business in Malaysia. Introduction to TESCO Tesco PLC is a UK based supermarket chain. It is the largest British retailer, both by global sales and domestic market share, and the fourth largest retailer in the world behind Wal-Mart of the USA, Carrefour of France, and The Home Depot of the USA. Tesco has a long term strategy for growth, based on four key parts: growth in the Core UK business, expand by growing internationally, be as strong in non-food as in food and to follow customers into new retailing services. Environmental Analysis of Malaysia Political Legal Environment Rising Political instability Data In recent months, The political ruling party Barisan Nasional is facing the problem of fall in its strength in ruling the country. The opposition Party Pakatan Rakyat power influence on the Malaysians is increasing which has resulted into possibilities of undertaking of elections in the coming months. Analysis It is predicted that the opposition party may emerge as victorious which lead to increased political uncertainty lower economic growth for 1-2 years. Sales may slow down in the initial years which may be due to increased political uncertainty and disturbance on spending of public during the handover process. The handover process is generally a time consuming lengthy process. it may result into impaired business for the company. lower economic growth in the beginning years may affect the purchasing power of consumers. The company may have to reduce its cost to overcome lower sales in initial years. TESCO may have to reduce its cost on marketing and advertising . The consumers may prefer price and value over quality brand. Political war between the two parties may also result in the outcome of riots which may also result into physical damage of Tescos Property and buildings. Challenge Slow economic growth at the time of change in government which may lead to slow business in the beginning of setting its business in Malaysia. The consumers may prefer price over quality. TESCO may need to have strong control over its expenses. Riots may cause physical damage to TESCOs property if the Political war emerges. Restrictions on Press Advertising Data The Malaysian Government has a very tight control on media like TV, radio, newspapers, outdoor advertising etc for broadcasting of commercials and advertisements. The advertising code code of ethics are to be followed by all the companies business in Malaysia. Analysis The government has kept ban on advertisement of products like alcohol, pork, products with unacceptable images etc. Also, advertisement related to exposure of body parts anti social content like foul language, uncompetitive practices, religious comparisons etc are strictly prohibited. The advertisement must be shot in Malaysia with Malaysian models in the advertisements. No international models from other countries are allowed. Also, the musicals of the ad must be done in Malaysia. Advertisements related to food drink products must highlight the importance necessity of balanced diet to the viewers. Powerful emphasis on the speciality lifestyle of the country of origin of an imported product is not allowed in the advertisements. Challenges TESCO will have to change its marketing and advertising strategy in Malaysia. The government control on advertising media may disallow advertisement commercials of many products of TESCO UK. The company may also have to undergo the process of repackaging re labeling on their products. TESCO will have to create new ideas to advertise its product which could be expensive and time consuming. Focus on many cultural groups Data Malay, Chinese Indian community are the 3 major cultural groups in Malaysia. Chinese Indian community are the minority communities in the country. The recent attacks against the Christian church has created political instability social unrest among the people. Analysis The wealth gap between less richer Malays very rich Chinese and Indian ethinic group in Malaysia has always been a point of concern in Malaysian politics. There has been many issues regarding this issue in the past which created a tension in the Malaysian political environment. But currently, the government is taking efficient measures to reduce the tension between the cultural groups. Christianity is also a minority religion in Malaysia on which government has to keep its attention. However, in the beginning of 2010, there were a series of attacks against Christian church because of some high court decisions. All these factors may lead to political instability in the near future. Political instability may result into the change in government. Christianity is the major religion in UK. Malaysians may tend to emotionally link the products of TESCO with Christianity as TESCO is a UK based company. This may initially led to the unacceptance of the products by Malaysians due current social unrest which may affect the sales and brand image of TESCO in Malaysian market. This may also affect the marketing and advertising strategy of TESCO. The company may have to frequently and carefully advertise its product to the consumers to change their perception about the link between Christianity and the Companys product offering. This may result into heavy expenditures resulting into the rise in cost of the company. Challenges Recent attack on churches may create the perception of link between UK TESCO products and Christianity religion which may affect the sales of TESCO. TESCO will need to advertise more frequently to change the consumers perception about the Christian religion and the local products it sells to Malaysians. Impact of terrorism Data Analysis Rising tension between Malay, Chinese Indian cultural groups in Malaysia in last few years have created a threat of internal terrorism in Malaysia. The war between the ethnic Chinese terrorists Malaysian government came to end after 42 years. However, in the beginning of 2010, there were a series of attacks against Christian church because the court said that the Christians can refer GOD as ALLAH. Challenge Sales may become difficult due to religious unrest. TESCO many have to opt for an option of Public relations on a regular basis which may increase the expenses of the company. Economical Environment Low Purchasing Power Data The GDP per capita income of Malaysia and UK for 2008 was $14,215 $35,468 respectively. Malaysia can be classified as the country of people having upper middle income level whereas UK population can be classified under high income level. Analysis The purchasing power of UK is more the purchasing power of Malaysia. It clearly reflects that the disposable income of Malaysia is comparative low to that of Uk. The per capita income disposable income of Britishers is very high thereby increasing their purchasing power. Due to high purchasing power, normally people in UK prefer brands and are brand loyal are willing to spend extra on the products. The per capita income of Malaysians is comparatively very low to that compared with Britishers. Lesser income signifies that the disposable income will be lower thereby reducing purchasing power. This will directly result in the emergence of price sensitive market condition in Malaysia where brand loyalty could be given less priority by Malaysians. Lower per capita income of Malaysians will result into low purchasing power making Malaysia a price sensitive market where buyers may be ready to buy any product with less or no brand importance. So the company sales might get affected due to this. TESCO may have to change its products, lower the quality lower the price so that the products can be produced cost effectively consumers can afford to buy. TESCO may have to start its own manufacturing unit along with its own new supply chain management and search for local suppliers in Malaysia who can provide products of good quality at a lower price. This may help in producing products at lower cost which the Malaysians can intend to buy. TESCO will have to search the place to set up their business to get proximity to the market which may help in lowering the distribution cost of its product. Challenges Lower consumer income will affect sales of the company. Uk products have high quality with high price. The company may have to rechange its quality of the products as per the price. TESCO will have to start its new supply chain management distribution system to make the local products for cost efficiency. TESCO will need to find their place of setting business where Distribution cost is very low. The company will have to look for local supply chain who can meet all above requirements. Foreign Currency Fluctuation Risk Data The foreign exchange of 1GBP to 1Malaysian Ringett in recent months has fallen from 5.8RM to 4.7RM. The interest rate of Malaysia UK in the beginning of the year 2010 were 2.25% 0.5% respectively. Analysis The key factor for fluctuations in currency exchange rates is the interest rate in different countries. Malaysia offers significantly higher interest rates than UK. Then investors will want to put money into Malaysia, thus increasing demand for the currency. The increase in currency demand may result into lowering value of Pound thus creating Foreign currency fluctuation risk.Exchange Rates are very important for any country as they determine the level of imports and exports. Challenge Importing products may become a costly option due to fluctuation in currency risk. The company may have to look for local suppliers and also may have to start new supply chain management to reduce the cost. Unemployment Level Data The recent Global financial crisis is still having a major impact on employment level in all the countries of the world. The unemployment rate in UK has reached to 8% in march 2010. The unemployment rate has increased from 3.2% in 2007 and has reached to 3.7% in march 2010. Analysis Increase in unemployment of Skilled, Semiskilled Labourers has been a major concern for Malaysian government in last few years. The Malaysian Government may put some employment restrictions on all the Multinational companies in Malaysia to hire the local Malaysians for employment. The restrictions may include more hiring of Malaysians in comparison to foreign employees irrelevant of their level of skills. Even though the higher unemployment in their home country, TESCO may undergo the pressure of hiring more Malaysians in comparison of foreign employees and provide training to them to meet the required skills for employment which may increase the overall expenses of the company. Also, employing foreign workers in Malaysia will be an expensive cost incurring idea thus increasing the operational cost of the firm affecting the product pricing. Challenge Employing foreign talent may not be possible to run the business. Providing training for Local staff would be expensive and time consuming process. Creating new supply chain management Data Low purchasing power of Malaysians, high foreign currency fluctuation and price sensitive market in the country are becoming major factors for the companies to reduce their prices of the product. Analysis Low Purchasing power of Malaysians in comparison with those of UK will create a price sensitiveness in the country where people may prefer Price over quality. Foreign currency fluctuation between Malaysian Ringett and UK Pound has been unstable in recent times. In importing goods, TESCO may end up in paying more than their usual price thus increasing the overall cost of the product. TESCO will have to reduce the price to meet the market price with its competitors product. The company will have to look for new supply chain management along with new suppliers who can provide the required quality at lesser price to meet the comsumers expectation. Setting up the new supply chain along with new local suppliers will be a big challenge as TESCO is an International Company. Challenges Importing goods from UK will be expensive for TESCO. Tesco may have to compromise on the quality of the product in case of price sensitive market. TESCO will have to set up new supply chain management along with new local suppliers to meet both the price and quality requirement of the consumers. Socio Cultural Environment Labeling Packaging Requirements Data Analysis The Malaysian government is very strict about the labeling language used on the products sold in the country. The language on all the products saleable, whether local or imported, must be written in Bahasa Malaysia or English. And in case of imported goods, the language used in either case may also include translation in any other languages. Since the Government rules regulations is very strict in Malaysia, TESCO would have to Change its labeling repack the products with descriptions in both English bahasa Malaysia Language. Also, the company will have to give more information on the product about its HALAL Certification, ingredients, Date marking, Nutrition Labeling etc. The company will have to change its packaging strategy for its products due to hot humid climatic conditions prevailing in Malaysia This will increase the cost of packaging labeling of all the products to be sold. So to gain economies of scale, TESCO may have to increase its sales volume to cover up the cost of change in labeling packaging. Challenge Relabeling and repackaging the products due to language barrier will be costly and time consuming. TESCO may have to keep on advertising its product on a regular basis to overcome the language barrier. Halal certification Data Analysis The concept of Halal on food non food category of product consumption is a vital issue in any muslim country. Islam is the official religion followed in Malaysia. The religion of Islam demands that the product to be consumed must be HALAL. In Malaysia, The Muslim consumers look for the HALAL certification on the products which is issue by Malaysias Department Of Islamic Development (JAKIM). In recent years, the Muslim consumers in Malaysia are faced with broad selection of products services which are either locally named or are international products certified as HALAL. The Competition is intense in the Malaysian market where local retailers have an upper hand for the sale of products by projecting their products as Islamic brands with the help of creative packaging labeling on their products. TESCO will have to certify HALAL certification on all it products will have to show the logo on each HALAL certified product. This will result into rising of its operating cost. Also, The HALAL certificate is valid for only 1year. So, the company may have to incur these cost every year. Challenge Certification of Halal on all products is costly and time consuming. The validity of certification is very less which results into occurrence of repetitive expenses every year. Advertising, packaging and labeling strategy would change which may increase the cost of the firm. Intense competition from local retailers will be a challenge. Technological Environmental Factors Accessibility Updation of Information Data and Analysis The percentage of urban population to total population in the year 2008 was 70.4%. Most of the hypermarkets are located in the urban areas. Rural consumers may have little access to either buy the product online or going to the nearest hypermarket in their area. So, setting the business in urban market will be a challenge to TESCO to meet capture the market share the requirements of both rural urban population. In recent years, in Malaysia, Online purchasing has become an easy, time, cost energy saving way to buy the products. This method is more followed by the urban consumers to book an order. So, TESCO will have to keep a regular update on timely basis about the availability of its products on its online purchasing website for its consumers. Challenge Target market may get narrow down due to low internet access in rural areas. Starting a business in rural area may increase the transportation cost to the urban consumers. Regular update on timely basis about the availability of its products on its online purchasing website for its consumers will be a challenge. Impact of global warming, deforestation environmental factors Data Analysis Water air pollution, impact of global warming has affected the health of the people in Malaysia. Deforestation due to regional development is also another factor affecting the country. The Malaysian government is now becoming very strict for control over these environmental problems. Any business, whether local or multinational business, has to comply with all the set of rules and regulations related to the environmental issues laid by the Malaysian government. Government may also disallow the companies in setting up of warehouses in the certain selected parts of the country. TESCO, being an multinational brand, will have to follow the strict prescribed rules laid by the Malaysian Government and may have to submit regular reports to the government regularly regarding the working of the company. Challenge Setting up of warehouses near TESCOs hypermart can be a big challenge. Transportation cost may get increased due to problem in selecting area for warehouses. Restriction on certain products can affect the business of TESCO.

Five Guys Burgers and fries: Ingredients for success Essay

Introduction The purpose of analyzing the success story of Five Guys burger is to examine the milestones covered by Five Guys to establish the successful business in private enterprise system. The perfect business plan that Five Guys has includes drivers of change on the system, the ethical and social responsibilities that Five Guys developed towards its employees. Furthermore, a unique strategy of marketing â€Å"word of mouth† which helped Five Guys in establishing more than 1000 outlets across the nation instead of spending millions of dollar in advertisement. Overall, this case study helps how an entrepreneur can run business by using out of box and simple solution to gain success in market. Five Guys’ philosophy setting apart from other fast food chains By careful reading of the Five Guys’ case study, I think quality product and customer satisfaction is the main philosophy of the Five Guys burger. According to Jerry Murrell â€Å"We need to concentrate on the quality of our product, and the satisfaction of the customers†. Five Guys maintained its philosophy of quality product for instance freshly prepared bun, fat free meat and no corner cut fries. As mentioned in the case study â€Å"The meat for the burgers – 80 percent lean- is always fresh, never frozen and their plants so clean, you could eat off the floor†. While focusing on customer satisfaction, people use to come by and eat Five Guys burger because they think; the place where burger is made is very clean and tidy. Kitchen of Five Guys is always open to customer and if someone wants to see how his/her burger is being made, (s)he is more than welcome. Landlord of a franchisee admired Five Guys by saying that we have Five Guys clean, friendly storefront and quality food in neighbors (Neil Janowitz, 2007). Secondly, customer like waiting for Five Guys burger because of its quality food. Five Guys improved its customer satisfaction by serving peanuts to its customers. Five Guys started to distribute free, unshelled peanuts to placate waiting customers. The peanuts have become a Five Guys trademark (Roger, Y, 2009). I must say that above mentioned philosophy helped Five Guys a lot in developing such successful burger’ food chain that it clearly making a competition to all other renowned fast food chains like McDonalds, Burger King and Wendys. Original Values of Five Guys burger and how it remains strong today Two Original values which I found after a careful review of case study, I assume (a) quality food and (b) no advertisement. Mentioning the standard of quality food, Five Guys burgers are as fresh and juicy as they were when the first restaurant was opened in 1986. They have same freshly baked bread every day since its opening. Similarly, potatoes are cut fresh every morning and fried in peanut oil; never greasy served in Styrofoam cup. Five Guys hired the person that baked the bread/bun for their first store, and made him a partner in the firm. They ensure that every store gets fresh bread every morning. Five Guys burger had a belief that people want to know that their money is used in providing quality food. A word of mouth strategy worked really well for Five Guys That’s why Five Guys don’t advertise to sell its product. Jerry Murrell says, â€Å"Treat that person right, he’ll walk out the door and sell for you. We were going to use our food to market our products†. (Roger, Y, 2009). Three factors contributed Five Guys’ success There are numbers of factors involved in contributing success to Five Guys business. I am going to mention only three of them. * Quality food * Simple menu * No advertisement. First factor plays an important role in the success. Simple menu, I think, is the key to success. Although, Five Guys tried to enhance or increase its menu by serving coffee and a chicken sandwich but it did not work, so they stop serving coffee and chicken sandwich. Likely, franchisees put pressure to add items, such as milkshakes but Five Guys did not accept it. â€Å"We’re the only burger chain that doesn’t have milkshakes. But we couldn’t possibly have a milkshake that comes of out of the machine† Jerry says (Roger, Y, 2009). Second factor quality of food is the heart core factor that contributed to the success of Five Guys burger. â€Å"Five Guys’ burger is better than McDonald’s,† says Tristano. â€Å"Americans have always fallen in love with a better product â€Å"(Burke M, 2012). Speaking about quality food that offers Five Guys includes superior quality of meat, eighty percent lean, always fresh, never frozen at all. Potatoes always come from northern Idaho, because of weather condition they grow more slowly, solid and tasty in comparison to the potatoes grown in California or Florida, grow faster and are cheaper used by other fast food chains. Five Guys use anything but the best. Five Guys first soak fries in water so when the fries are per fried, the water boils, forcing steam out of the fry. This forma a seal so that when they get fried a second time, the fries don’t absorb any oil and so are never oily. â€Å"Fries are much harder than burgers† says Murrell. â€Å"We work day and night on them, all the damn time.† (Burke M, 2012). Five Guys menu allows the chain to focus all its energy on executing its burger â€Å"perfectly† (Licata, E., 2009). Five Guys burger decided they would cook only in peanut oil, which cost five times as much as the oil, other burger restaurants were using (Lottie L., 2012). Finally, the factor is no advertisement, which I think contributed to the success of Five Guys. Five Guys burger had a belief that people want to know that their money is used in providing quality food. That’s why they don’t use advertisement to sell their product. Jerry Murrell says, â€Å"Treat that person right, he’ll walk out the door and sell for you. We were going to use our food to market our products† Jerry says. (Roger, Y, 2009). Five Guys burger admits that they do things a little differently than most companies other fast food companies don’t, they put 3% of their revenue toward marketing or advertising. Five Guys burger simply don’t, they spent that money as a bonus to give their employees. â€Å"All of our employees at our stores, we pay them good money. I think that’s important† Murrell says. â€Å"Hire well-paid people and they’ll stay with you.† (Lottie L., 2012). Social and ethical practices of Five Guys burger An organization is considered to be respectable because of its social and ethical policies it implemented within the organization. After a careful study, I think â€Å"No Marketing or advertisement† is one of the top social aspects of Five Guys. â€Å"He said anybody can be successful in the restaurant business if you serve a good product, (have a) friendly and clean atmosphere and reasonable price,† recalls Murrell (Lottie L., 2012). A word of mouth strategy worked really well for Five Guys. Five Guys used the strength of society in positive way and customer base is increased day by day on the recommendation of another customer. I think second aspect of social policy of Five Guys is selling its franchises. This aspect helps middle class people to have their own small business which also helps in increasing the employment rate. More than 1700 stores reportedly been sold for future development into Five Guys outlets (Datamonitor, 2010) I think ethical aspect covers how an organization is beneficial for its employee. Most of the Organizations spent a fixed percentage of its revenue on marketing but Five Guys don’t do it. Five Guys spend that fixed percentage as bonus to employees. The Company has noted that it gives around $6m a year in bonuses to its employees. Murrell says its important to make employees feel a sense of ownership and accountability. Five Guys has a policy to maintain high standard of customer service by employing mystery shoppers to regularly judge its outlets. This strategy positively appraises staff and keeps standard high. Five Guys send those secret shoppers twice a week to all locations, looking to catch staff delivering outstanding customer service. If they get a good score during the secret audits, they receive $1000 to divide amongst them, usually 5-6 people per crew. This is over and above the $8 or $9 an hour the crew makes, as a result crew feels happy and satisfied. Conclusion This case study enables us to understand that business plan is very important in order to run a successful business. Business philosophy or company goal plays an important role in running the business successful. Businesses cannot flourish if higher management don’t have out of box solution or strategy. In this case study we have noticed that philosophy plays an important role along with the out of the box marketing strategy i.e. â€Å"No Marketing/advertisement† that gives Five Guys an edge to its competitors. Reference 1. Janowitz, N. (2007). Five Guys sticks to burger-and-fries formula. Shopping Centers Today, 28(7), 32-33. 2. DATAMONITOR: Five Guys Case Study. (2010). Five Guys Case Study: Maintaining Growth in Fast Food with a Simple Menu & Quality Focus, 1-11. 3. Licata, E. (2009). FIVE GUYS. Nation’s Restaurant News, 43(18), 58. 4. Lottie L., J. (n.d). Five Guys family keeps it simple. USA Today. 07/30/2012 5. Burke, M. (2012). Five Guys Burgers: America’s Fastest Growing Restaurant Chain. Forbes.Com, 26 6. Roger, Y. (n.d). Five Guys is simply successful. USA Today, 06/08/2009

‘India’ a Hub for Medical Tourism

? ABSTRACT Medical tourism has become a popular option for tourists across the world. It takes into account primarily the biomedical procedures, combined with travel and tourism. Medical tourism has been coined by different travel agencies and the mass media to describe the rapidly growing practice of travelling across international borders to obtain cutting edge medical care. Countries like India, Malaysia, and Thailand are promoting medical tourism aggressively. The key competitive advantages of India in medical tourism stem from the following: ?Low cost advantage. ?Strong reputation in the Advanced Healthcare Segment (Cardiovascular Surgery, Organ Transplants, Eye Surgery etc. ) ? The diversity of tourist destinations available in the country. The key concerns facing the industry include: ?Less Government Initiatives. ?Lack of a coordinated effort to promote the industry. ?No accreditation mechanism for hospitals and the lack of uniform pricing policies and standards across hospit als. Medical tourism or health care tourism is fast growing multibillion-dollar industry around the world.It is an economic activity that entails trade in services and represents the mixing of two of the largest world industries: Medicine and Tourism. The paper identifies the strengths of India’s medical tourism service providers and points at a number of problems that may reduce the growth opportunity of this industry. This paper focuses on the key issues and opportunities possessed by Indian medical tourism sector that enables it to overcome domestic and international barriers on upgrading its medical services.Finally, this paper analyses and concludes the main reasons why the developing country like India attracts foreign tourists for the medical treatment. Keywords: Medicine, Tourism, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Ayurvedic, Naturopathy. INTRODUCTION India has a bountiful of diverse tourism hotspots which enchant the recuperating visitors, their scenic beauty, historicity and soci o-cultural significance would be great harbingers of health to the ailing foreign visitors. In the recent years, government support, low cost treatment, improved healthcare infrastructure, and rich cultural heritage, have taken the Indian medical tourism to new heights.India has emerged as one of the world’s most cost-efficient medical tourism destinations, and hence, attained a position among the global leaders. According to â€Å"Booming Medical Tourism in India†, the heart surgery centers in the country offer treatment at a significantly lesser prices compared to North America and Europe. Superior quality of dental care and Ayurvedic Spa treatments are also attracting patients from across the globe. Each market segment describes the cost effectiveness compared to other countries.Though India’s reputation is not good on hygiene front, its state-of-the-art medical facilities and value for money offered attracts thousands of patients each year. In this way, the country holds enormous potential for growth in medical tourism in future. Extensive research and analysis has also revealed that quality-driven wellness centers, cord blood banking, and medical tourism facilitates medical tourism market. It has been observed that wellness tourism, alternate meditation, and the advantage of being the least competitive pricing have been the Unique Selling Point (USP) of the Indian medical tourism.Cardiac and Orthopedic procedures constitute the majority share of the market. This study reflects an in-depth knowledge of various government initiatives that provides a positive impact on the medical tourism market in India. The adoption of the Public Private Partnership (PPP) Model by the Indian Government at both central and state levels to improve healthcare infrastructure in the country through expertise of private sector and better support of public sector provided the extra thrust to medical tourism.We also observed that the regulatory structure in co nnection to the medical tourism industry has been quite liberal and supportive in the country so far. Considering all the positive insights of the analysis, it’s a hope that the analysis of current market performance and future outlook of the Indian medical tourism industry with the forecasts provided in the report will help in devising the rightful strategies and make sound investment decisions. Comparative Cost of Medical Treatment in Euros (1â‚ ¬ = 70. 24 Rs) Type of ProcedureUnited StatesIndiaThailandBone Marrow Transplant300,000 â‚ ¬ = 21,072,000 Rs24,000 â‚ ¬ = 16,85,760 Rs50,000 â‚ ¬ = 35,12,000 Rs Open Heart Procedure40,000 â‚ ¬ = 2,809,600 Rs11,000 â‚ ¬ = 7,72,640 Rs 35,000 â‚ ¬ = 24,58,400 Rs Knee Surgery13,000 â‚ ¬ = 9,13,120 Rs3,500 â‚ ¬ = 2,45,840 Rs5,500 â‚ ¬ = 3,86,320 Rs Eye Surgery2,400 â‚ ¬ = 1,68,576 Rs600 â‚ ¬ = 42,144 Rs 5,500 â‚ ¬ = 3,86,320 Rs Facelift6,500 – 16,000 â‚ ¬ = 4,56,560 – 11,23,840 Rs20 00 â‚ ¬ = 1,40,480 Rs 8,000 – 16,000 â‚ ¬ = 5,61,920 – 11,23,840 Rs Source: Business World India and Indian Brand Equity Foundation Comparative Picture of the Price of the Treatment in USD and Percentage ProcedureUSD in USA)USD (in India)Difference in Price Bone Marrow Transplant2500006920028% Liver Transplant3000006935023% Heart Surgery30000870029% Orthopedic Surgery20000630032% Cataract Surgery2000135068% Dental Procedure Metal Free Bridge550060011% Dental Implants350090026% Porcelain Metal Bridge300060020% Porcelain Metal Crown100010010% Source: IIMK Part IX – Medical Tourism CHALLENGES One of the major challenges for Medical Tourism Industry in India is the phenomenon of Crowding-Out where healthcare could become less accessible to the local population.The discrimination of care has been happening with the opening up of the healthcare market and has brought about for the residents of the destination countries. The revenue generated by developing countr ies providing medical services to foreign patients can be used to improve the access and quality of care available to the residents. However, concerns have been expressed over Medical Tourism Industry in India that it may seriously undermine the care of local residents by adversely affecting the healthcare workforce distribution.Critics addresses globalization as commoditization of worldwide healthcare where in the redirection of economic resources to support the foreign care industry makes an ill-effect on local health care as the lower income groups that have reduced access and longer waits for health services. So, instead of contributing to broader social and economic development the provision of care to patients from other countries might make worse, the existing in-equalities and further polarize the richest and poorest members of society.Healthcare spending in India accounts for over 5% of the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of which only 20% is provided by the governme nt. This reflects that the public healthcare is not only weak but also under-utilized and inefficient. Similarly contends that rising in-equalities in healthcare access across private and public systems encourages a domestic Brain-Drain (migration of healthcare professionals’ takes place from public to private sector) and increases dualism in healthcare in India.It is a fear that the remunerative Medical Tourism Industry in India might flourish at the expense of the treatment of endemic diseases (AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria) thus disregarding half of the disease burden in India which is primarily infectious diseases. Hence it is to be emphasized on the governments of destination countries to implement and enforce appropriate macroeconomic redistributive policies to ensure that the local residents of these nations actually realize the potential benefits of the Medical Tourism Industry in India.In addition, there is a rapidly increasing element of competition for India for m edical tourism income from other host countries such as Thailand and Singapore. Hence, one of the key factors for the host hospitals is the concept of efficient marketing to the developed countries offering innovative ideas like a holistic medical service and tourism package. It’s also a concern on the dependency of the developed nations on developing nations for healthcare provision.In addition, it is wondered if an established model of Medical Tourism Industry in India with the niche market which draws specific patients for designated procedures and can be followed by all developing countries. If multiple developing countries entered this market, the oversaturation of healthcare services would lead to severe price-cutting to the detriment of quality of healthcare. Another area of concern is the effect on the reputation of the destination country of the practice of soliciting patients for money.For example, Dr Kohli, an Indian pediatric cardiologist admitted to soliciting me dical tourists for money on the 60 Minutes. In addition, it’s warned that the quality of some of the services offered to medical tourists can cause significant risks due to the use of:- ? Older surgical equipment and inferior quality medications; ? Poorly trained health care providers; ?Inadequate emergency rooms and implanting older-generation medical devices.In a recent research conducted by Walsh, an antibiotic found amongst the UK medical tourists returning from India and Pakistan after undergoing cosmetic surgeries. The management of post-operative complications that occur after a patient returns to his home country and the consequent costs of this care are difficult issues that remain unresolved. Besides, hospitals catering to Medical Tourism Industry in India lack accreditation labels whereas there is an demand for oversight by neutral administrator such as (JCI and Patients beyond Borders) to attract foreign to the host country.Moreover, foreign patients have to bear the treatment cost out of their own pockets since the procedures performed under Medical Tourism Industry in India are usually not reimbursed by the insurance agencies with the exception of a few companies such as Blue Cross and Blue Shield in USA. Also, Medical Tourism Industry in India lacks stringent governance and regulatory policies. Consequently, faced with the choice of many medical institutions in diverse countries, medical tourists may find it very difficult to identify well-trained physicians and modern hospitals that consistently provide high-quality care.Lack of transparent pricing policies across hospitals, customer perception of some host countries as unhygienic and prone to terrorism with low coordination between the various Medical Tourism Industry in India operators such as airlines, hospitals, hotels and insurance companies are some of the other reported shortcomings. Since, Medical Tourism Industry in India is a relatively new phenomenon, some under-researched are as are observed in the available published literature such as: ?Limited statistical information; ?Impact of globalization on healthcare policies of Medical Tourism Industry in India; ? Challenges posed by Medical Tourism Industry in India like ethical and litigation issues; ? Public sector health inequity and post operative care of the medical tourists. Hence, a qualitative research is much needed to bridge this gap with a combination of primary (semi-structured interviews) and secondary (literature review) research. OPPORTUNITIESThe emergence of Medical Tourism Industry in India encouraged a reverse Brain-Drain where highly skilled medical professionals prefer to practice in their own countries rather than in the lucrative industrialized nations. One of the compensations for their move is the freedom to carry out rare medical procedures, such as hip resurfacing which have not yet been authorized in industrialized nations. There is an accompanying flow of patients as some citizens o f developed nations choose to bypass the care offered in their countries and travel to less developed areas of the world to receive a variety of reasonably priced medical services.As a result, regional and national governments in India, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines and Indonesia regard Medical Tourism Industry in India as an important resource for economic and social development. The difference in treatment costs can be considerable; for example, the cost of an elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery is about $60,400 in California, $25,000 in Mexico, $15,500 in Bumrungrad, $10,000 in Thailand, and in India only $6,500 in Apollo.Hence, cost-conscious patients choose to accept the inconvenience and uncertainties of off-shore healthcare to obtain service at prices they can more comfortably afford. Medical Tourism Industry in India can be regarded as a tool for lessen the overburdened healthcare systems of industrialized nations. For example, in the US, there are 46. 6 million people with no medical insurance, inadequate coverage and those who are not eligible for Medicare. Moreover, overwhelming health-related expenses contribute to bankruptcies in the United States.Also, patients choose Medical Tourism Industry in India to circumvent the delays associated with the long waiting list in their native countries and to attain cosmetic surgeries such as dental reconstruction, fertility treatment not offered in their National Health Services such as in United Kingdom and Canada. Patients also travel overseas to access stem cell therapies which are restricted on ethical grounds in most industrialized countries but are available in the Medical Tourism Industry in India.The shortage of human organ supply available for transplant in the United States drives some patients to other countries to obtain organ transplants, a practice that has been referred to as transplant tourism. There is another category of patients who prefer Medical Tourism Industry in India for confidentiality of the treatment rendered such as plastic surgery, drug rehabilitation and reproductive tourism. Patients also prefer Medical Tourism Industry in India for more personalized nursing care offered owing to the lower labor costs in developing nations supplemented by travel to exotic locations.Recently, several Fortune 500 corporations such as Blue Ridge Paper Products Inc. have been evaluating the feasibility of outsourcing expensive medical procedures to offshore healthcare destinations to reduce the financial burden of employee healthcare. In addition with these trends, the health insurance sector has potential commercial opportunity for foreign insurance firms. Insurance provider networks are being expanded to include physicians across the globe, and it is anticipated that within a decade a majority of large employer’s health plans will include off-shore medical centers.It is believed that if Medical Tourism Industry in India continues its meteoric g rowth, medical insurance plans could take advantage of its cost savings and begin offering lower-priced premiums if policyholders could be assigned to lower-priced countries for treatment. Hence, healthcare financing could become better calibrated to patients’ financial status. Consequently, medical tourism is a component of export-led economic growth, with the foreign currency earnings from international patients translating into output, jobs and income for developing countries with the added bonus of improving their public health systems.Supplemented by other factors such as: ? Low cost of administrative and medico-legal expenses; ?Medical visas being issued in lieu of travel visas for patients allowing an extended stay for medical reasons; ? Favorable economy. English being widely spoken due to India’s history as a British colony and enjoying a favorable Government support Medical Tourism Industry in India seems to be a promising sector for India. STRATEGIES ON INDI AN MEDICAL TOURISM ?Product ?Price ?Place ?Promotion ?People ?Process ?Physical Evidence SUGGESTIONS Role of Government: The government of India must act as a regulator to institute a uniform grading and accreditation system for hospitals to build consumers’ trust. ?Medical Visas: A simplified systems of getting medical visas should be developed in order to make travel across borders smoother. Visas can be extended depending on the condition of the patients. ?Holistic medical and diagnostic centers within the corporate hospitals: The hospitals have small spaces for the relatives to pray in, thereby wedding science with religion and traditional with modern medical practices. Setting up National Level Bodies: To market India’s specialized healthcare products in the world and also address the various issues confronting the corporate healthcare sector, leading private hospitals across the country are planning to set up a national-level body on the lines of National Associa tion of Software and Service Companies (NASSCOM), the apex body of software companies in the country. It is therefore essential to form an apex body for health tourism – National Association of Health Tourism (NHAT). The main agenda for NAHT are: 1. Building the India Brand Abroad . Promoting Inter-Sectored Coordination 3. Information Dissemination using Technology 4. Standardization of Services ?Integrate vertically: Various added services may be offered to the patients. For example, hospitals may have kiosks at airports, offer airport pickups, bank transactions, or tie-ups with airlines for tickets and may help facilitate medical visas by the government. ?Joint Ventures / Alliances: In order to counter increasing competition in medical tourism sector, Indian hospitals should tie-up with foreign institutions for assured supply of medical tourists.CONCLUSION ?The First World’s Treatment at Third World Prices: India offers world-class healthcare that costs substantially less than those in developed countries, using the same technology delivered by competent specialists and attaining comparable success rates. ?India is receptively Less â€Å"Scary† Now: The author believes that a lot of entrusting medical care to different locations is about a psychological fear of the unknown. An important strategic challenge for developing-country hospitals is to reduce the psychological fear, which India has and is doing assiduously. Presence of a Collection of Medicine and Medicine Care: In India, the same depth of pool of talent for medicine exists as is the case of engineering and mathematical talent for software outsourcing. In the 1950s and '60s, the Indian government invested a lot in tertiary education. By now there are at least a small handful of medical institutes that are really first-rate, and the doctors they produce are extremely well trained. ?Strong Reputation in the Advanced Healthcare Segment: India has a plethora of hospitals offering wo rld class treatments in nearly every medical field of specialization. Portfolio of Indian Healthcare Tourism Offerings: This includes non-surgical medication complemented with Yoga therapies; unani and homoeopathic streams of medical care are in vogue. India is at an advantageous position to tap the global opportunities in the medical tourism sector. Its role is crucial to the development of medical tourism. The government should take steps in performing a role of a regulator and also as a facilitator of private investment in healthcare.Mechanisms need to be evolved to enable quicker visa grants to foreign tourists for medical purposes where patients can contact the Immigration Department at any point of entry for quick clearance. Tax incentives to the service providers, import duty reduction on medical equipment, committees to promote and foster medical tourism are some of the initiatives that can be devised. There is also a need to develop robust infrastructure in terms of transpo rt services to facilitate tourism in India. The tourism, health, information and communication departments need to work in tandem for efficient patient care.It should aim in building and promoting the image of India as high quality medical tourism destination, creating and promoting new combination of medical tourism products, keeping up the high standard of quality treatments at a reasonable price, providing informative online and offline materials and make them available to the potential customers. It should place a help desk and multi-lingual at different airports for medical tourists seeking information in various aspects. The fountainhead of India’s competitive advantage arises from the skillful use of its core competencies.These competencies are used to gain competitive advantage against rivals in the global market. Also attaining the accreditation/standard to reassure the quality of treatments as well as emphasizing on the needs and demands of the existing target marke ts must be incorporated. References ?Dr. Suman Kumar Dawn & Swati Pal, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research ? Dr. R Gopal, The key issues and challenges in medical tourism sector in India (A Hospital perspective) ? Jyotsana Mal, Globalisation of Healthcare: Case studies of Medical Tourism in Multi-Specialty Hospitals in India ? Journals on HealthCare and Medical tourism